Other Invasive Weeds

• Propagates via seeds which disperse mostly by wind.
• Produces up to 100,000 seeds per plant that remain viable for 5-7 years. exhausting this seed bank, as with many plants, is key to the long term control and eradication (where possible).
• Serious skin damage can occur when skin comes into contact with sap in the presence of uv light (sunlight).

Treatment Options

• Herbicide
• Excavation
• Cutting of tap roots
• Mow, graze or plough

• Over 100 species in the uk, only listed within schedule 9.
• Propagates via seeds within the berries produced. these are typically dispersed by birds or falling nearby to mother plant.
• Produces seeds that can remain viable for up to 5 years.

Treatment Options

• Herbicide.
• Excavation.
• Hand pulling of plants prior to new seed dispersal.
• Stump treatment during winter month.

• typically propagates via seed >40,000 per cluster, spread by wind, water and wildlife.
• exhausting this seed bank, as with many plants, is key to the long term control and eradication (where possible). the seeds have a lifetime of between 2.5-3.5 years following dispersal.

Treatment Options

• Herbicide.
• Excavation.
• Hand pulling of plants prior to new seed dispersal before root network becomes established.

• Primarily spread by rooting stolons, requiring only one node to start a new plant. if the plant is left undisturbed, growth of 1-2 lateral metres may occur in just one growing season.
• seeds are not typically viable in the UK.

Treatment Options

• Herbicide.
• Excavation.
• Hand pulling of plants to remove all stolonatous nodes.

• Propagates via seed which disperse between July and September, depending on the weather.
• produces up to 500 seeds per plant that remain viable for up to 2 years. exhausting this seed bank, as with many plants, is key to the long term control.
• when the plant dies back in winter it can cause de-vegetation of riverbanks, greatly increasing flood risks.

Treatment Options

• Herbicide
• Excavation
• Hand pulling of plants prior to new seed dispersal is most effective as each plant has a 1 year lifespan.

• Propagates via seed which disperse during late summer.
• Produces up to 50-60,000 seeds per plant, so can rapidly colonise neglected land. whilst not in itself a problem, the plant is particularly toxic to livestock, horses and cattle in particular.
• Subject to the ragwort control act 2003 – which comes into effect when land owners do not behave responsibly, where ragwort populations may present a realistic harm to livestock.

Treatment Options

• Herbicide.
• Excavation.
• Hand pulling of plants prior to new seed dispersal.